Acute glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis, referred to as acute nephritis, is due to infection caused by the body's immune dysfunction, resulting in non-suppurative inflammation of the kidneys, clinically with hematuria, oliguria, edema and hypertension as the main performance.

The vast majority of streptococcal infection, called acute streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Disease due to

Acute nephritis is induced by a variety of causes. Common bacteria, mainly streptococci, other bacteria such as grapes bacteria, Salmonella, meningococcal, typhoid bacilli can also be induced acute nephritis, in addition, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, virus (EB virus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, adenovirus, mumps virus, varicella - zoster virus, cytomegalovirus inclusion virus, etc.) are also predisposing factors of acute nephritis; some systemic diseases. Such as systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic purpura can also cause acute nephritis similar clinical signs and symptoms.

Symptoms

Typical clinical manifestations of acute nephritis are:

1, l-3 before the onset of prodromal history of infection (flu, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, purulent skin infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc.) weeks.

2, the typical clinical manifestations of acute nephritis: hematuria, often gross hematuria, it can be microscopic hematuria, hematuria beginning of a period of time may also have varying degrees of proteinuria; swollen face, eyelids, common in the lower extremities, etc., edema is tension; oliguria; such as measuring blood pressure, can be found in the majority of patients had elevated blood pressure, to varying degrees.

3, severe cases: Some children may appear 1-2 weeks at the onset of serious symptoms:

1) If the cough occurs, gas hold, heartbeat, shortness of breath, not supine, even slightly bubble bloody sputum. This happens prompted serious complication called a loop congestion medicine;

2) If the patient headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma. Such as measuring blood pressure, increased blood pressure can be found, this case is called hypertensive encephalopathy, require emergency treatment;

3) If sustained oliguria, or no urine, the patient will experience nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, listlessness, increased edema, etc. At this examination can be found in a variety of blood tests is not normal, such as doctors often say elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN called rising), elevated serum potassium, acidosis, abnormal ECG, etc. will be called acute kidney failure.

4, there are some atypical cases. The main precursor according to streptococcal infection, lower serum C3 to confirm the diagnosis.

1) symptomatic renal nephritis: a slight change in urine or normal, but have high blood pressure and (or) edema or hypertensive encephalopathy or circulatory congestion.

2) with acute nephritis, nephrotic manifestations: acute nephritis onset, but prominent edema and proteinuria.

Treatment

The disease is self-limiting disease, no specific treatment is mainly symptomatic treatment.

1, the rest: the acute phase of two weeks should stay until the edema, blood pressure to normal, gross hematuria disappeared, minor events can get out of bed; within three months of the course is not suitable to participate in sports activities;

2 Diet: There are children with edema and hypertension should limit sodium intake, 1 to 2 grams of salt per day; acute phase of acute nephritis, especially those with renal insufficiency should be strictly controlled protein intake (eggs , chicken, duck, fish, meat, animal offal such as liver, kidney, etc.), do not listen to rumors and unfounded remedies, such as the dirty dirty, eat nutritious, so nitrogenous substances into too much, increasing the burden on the kidneys adverse consequences; increase in urine output, azotemia eliminate protein supply should be resumed as soon as possible after.

3, the application of antibiotics: to completely rid of the remnants of bacteria, penicillin may be given 7 to 10 days at the beginning of the disease.

4, symptomatic treatment: a diuretic, lowering blood pressure.

Prevention

The disease is no special precautionary approach, mainly to strengthen the physical exercise, prevention of infection, vaccination with allergies should be careful, please engage the best vaccination doctor for guidance. Once respiratory or skin infections, early application of penicillin definitive treatment.

After the pre-

l, more than 90% of acute nephritis can be fully restored without leaving any sequelae.


2, severe cases cause death is the main reason, it is necessary to detect and correct treatment.

3, through long-term follow-up of a large number of cases to prove, at least 5-10% of patients within one year duration in urine is not completely normal, for more than one year or longer, some of which can still be restored.

4, about 3 to 5% of patients with sustained healing, chronic process, affect renal function.